Preventing falls among the elderly: Multiple strategies are preferable
Falls, fall-related injuries, and fear of falling are important public health problems in the ageing society of the UK. Falls and mobility problems are the most common causes of referrals to intermediate homecare services. The two main reasons why falls among the elderly are considered a problem are that (i) they are more likely to fall than young adults, and (ii) those falls result in serious injuries. For instance, two common fractures seen among the elderly as a result of falls are (i) wrist fractures and (ii) fractures of the femur.
Falls can be devastating for the elderly, but managing them can be expensive. Falls that occur at least three times per year are considered recurrent, and injuries to the proximal femur are associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Falls also lead to a loss of self-confidence, reduce the quality of life, and have significant economic consequences. Loss of independence results in the need to admit the individual to residential care facilities or hire a carer from a homecare agency.
Preventing falls among the elderly is a difficulty for carers and healthcare in general. It is a completely impossible and undesirable prospect to avoid falls among the elderly since it would place undue restrictions on their activities and autonomy. An acceptable balance between prevention and living with risk needs to be adopted.
This article will explain what fall prevention is, why it is important, and what may be done to prevent falls.
What is fall prevention?
Falls prevention interventions are implemented with the goal of reducing accidental falls among the elderly. It is important in order to reduce the risk of serious injuries and the need for a higher level of care than desired. Fall can cost financially and emotionally and lead to a reduction in quality of life in many cases. Limitations in mobility, strength, range of motion, and balance, as well as fear of falling and self-limiting factors, increase the risk of falls. Even the slightest intervention contributes to a significant decrease in fall risk.
What is the importance of fall prevention among the elderly?
Falls are considered a major factor in fatal injuries among the elderly. Moreover, falls lead to hospitalisation and procedures, including surgical repair of fractures, long-term rehab stays, and, in many cases, a discharge to a higher level of care. Falls and fear of falling lead to reduced mobility and participation in daily activities. This will further lead to increased weakness and a higher risk of falling.
Many think that falls are a normal part of ageing, but it is not necessary. Strength, health education, prevention of medication side effects, chronic disease management, and activity participation at the highest level possible are great tools in fall prevention.
What fall prevention medications can I take?
During old age, some health conditions, medications, and footwear affect their ability to stay steady on their feet. Some health changes go unnoticed as they happen gradually, so it becomes important to have regular check-ups while ageing. Here are some of the things an elderly person should do to stay active and prevent or at least reduce falls:
1. Stay active:
As we get older, our muscle strength and balance reduce, which leads to falls very often. There are many exercises meant to build muscle strength, which aid in the prevention or reduction of falls by improving posture, coordination, and balance.
2. Eat well:
Elderly people should keep an eye on their appetite and ensure they eat healthy. Instead of sticking to three meals a day, it is always better to eat some snacks in between (unless there is some health condition that requires the elderly to stick to three meals a day). Getting enough energy is important for maintaining strength and preventing falls.
3. Keep hydrated:
Keeping hydrated during old age is very essential, as dehydration makes the elderly feel light-headed, which increases their chance of falling.
4. Regular eye check-ups:
It is typical for eyesight to deteriorate in old age, resulting in a trip or loss of balance. The elderly should get their eyes and glasses checked regularly—at least every two years. This will help in detecting any vision problems early and preventing falls.
5. Check for hearing problems:
Hearing problems are frequent as people age, so talk to the doctor if you notice any hearing problems. Ear problems can severely affect balance. The problem may be something easily treated, such as a buildup of ear wax or an ear infection, or maybe the person might need a hearing aid.
6. Manage medication:
There are certain medications that make the elderly feel faint or dizzy and affect their balance. If the elderly experience side effects like these after taking any medication, they should consult a doctor so as to check the dose or look for an alternative.
7. Support bone health:
While ageing, it becomes important to keep bones healthy and strong by eating calcium-rich foods, getting enough vitamin D from sunlight, and doing some weight-bearing exercises. If the elderly have weaker bones, the possibility of a break during a fall is high. Stronger bones make any injuries have less impact, thus reducing the risk of falls.
8. Choose the right shoes:
Problems with feet or shoes can affect balance and increase the risk of tripping or falling. Talk to a doctor about any foot issues. Below are some tips to look into while choosing shoes:
a) The elderly should ensure their shoes fit well and don't have a tendency to slip off.
b) Well-cushioned shoes offer comfort and support.
c) Avoid sandals with little support and shoes with high heels.
d) Wear slippers that have a good grip and that fasten and stay on properly.
e) Always wear shoes or slippers, and never walk indoors in bare feet, socks, or tights.
How do I make my home fall-proof?
The elderly mostly slip, trip, and fall around the home. Thus, it is essential to keep an eye out for potential hazards so as to make their home a safer place. Making some simple changes around their home can make a real difference. Here are some tips:
a) Rugs and mats at the top and bottom of the stairs are a tripping danger and can quickly lead to a fall, so move them out of the way.
b) Install a night light near their bed to ensure that even if the elderly get up at night, they have enough light sources to see. Moreover, installing a motion-activated light will also be very useful.
c) Remove potential trip hazards such as trailing wires, clutter, and carpets. Also, try to avoid glass furniture, as it can be harder to see and may cause a stumble.
These are some of the ways that fall prevention can help the elderly. It is recommended that the elderly have a carer during their senior years so as to help them prevent falls. Nurses Group Homecare can help you with your daily tasks. We can provide agency carers to assist you with your specific needs.